Which three materials have been newly discovered on the moon?

The discovery of pyroxferroite, armalcolite, and tranquillityite on the moon represents significant advancements in our understanding of lunar geology. Each of these materials provides insight into the moon's formation and evolution.

Pyroxferroite is a rare mineral that is believed to be formed under specific conditions found on the moon's surface. Its presence indicates high-temperature processes that could have occurred during the moon's early geological history.

Armalcolite, on the other hand, is another unique mineral found in lunar samples that is linked to the moon's basaltic volcanic activity. It has features that are inconsistent with those found in typical terrestrial rocks, shining a light on the differences in the geological processes between Earth and the moon.

Tranquilityite is also notable for its unique composition. This mineral has been found in limited locations, specifically in the lunar highlands, suggesting that it formed under very specific and rare conditions on the moon. Its discovery has helped scientists understand more about the moon's volcanic activity and the conditions present during its formation.

Collectively, these minerals contribute to the broader understanding of the moon's geology and compositional diversity, making option C the correct response.