Which program was responsible for landing the first humans on the moon?

The Apollo program was specifically designed to achieve the goal of landing humans on the Moon and safely returning them to Earth. Its most famous mission, Apollo 11, was the first successful lunar landing, where astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin set foot on the lunar surface on July 20, 1969. The program encompassed a series of missions, including extensive testing of spacecraft, technology, and operations necessary for such a monumental achievement.

The other programs listed played different roles in the history of human spaceflight. The Gemini program was focused on developing spacecraft capabilities for longer durations and more complex maneuvers in low Earth orbit, which contributed important lessons to the Apollo missions but did not include lunar landings. The Mercury program, which preceded both Gemini and Apollo, was primarily about sending humans into space and achieving orbit but did not extend beyond that. The TRANSIT program, on the other hand, was an early satellite program used for navigation purposes and was unrelated to manned lunar exploration. Thus, the Apollo program stands out as the correct choice for landing the first humans on the Moon.