Which phenomenon occurs due to different heat absorption rates by various surfaces?

The phenomenon that occurs due to different heat absorption rates by various surfaces is land and sea breezes. This occurs because land heats up and cools down more quickly than water. During the day, the sun warms the land faster than the ocean, causing the air above the land to heat up and rise, which creates a low-pressure area. The cooler, denser air over the ocean then moves in to replace it, creating a breeze from the sea to the land. Conversely, at night, the land cools more rapidly than the water, leading to a reversal of this process; the air above the land becomes cooler and denser, resulting in wind blowing from land to sea.

This understanding of temperature differences and pressure changes is fundamental to meteorology and helps explain the dynamics of local wind systems. Other options, while they may involve heat and atmospheric conditions, are not directly linked to the specific heat absorption rates of land and water surfaces in the same way as land and sea breezes are.