Which missions consisted of orbiters and landers on Mars?

The Viking program, which consisted of Viking 1 and Viking 2, is renowned for being the first mission to send both orbiters and landers to Mars. Launched in the 1970s, Viking 1 entered the Martian orbit in June 1976 and successfully delivered its lander to the surface in July of the same year. Viking 2 followed a similar path, entering orbit in August 1976 and landing in September. Each of these missions provided significant data about the Martian atmosphere, surface, and potential for life, laying the groundwork for future exploration.

In contrast, the other options primarily consist of rovers or missions that either did not include landers or served different purposes on Mars. For example, Spirit and Opportunity were twin rovers that explored the Martian surface but did not have orbital components as part of their missions, while Curiosity and Perseverance are both rovers equipped with advanced technology for surface exploration but do not involve a lander and orbiter combination as seen in the Viking missions. Similarly, Sojourner was the first successful Mars rover but was part of the Mars Pathfinder mission, which only included a lander and rover without an orbital component, and Phoenix was a lander focused on