What type of orbit allows satellites to stay above the same point on Earth's surface?

A geostationary orbit is one that enables satellites to remain fixed relative to a specific point on Earth's surface. This is achieved by positioning the satellite at an altitude of approximately 35,786 kilometers above the equator, where its orbital period matches the rotation period of the Earth. As the Earth rotates on its axis, the satellite also moves at the same rate in its orbit, allowing it to continuously observe and communicate with the same geographic area.

In contrast, a circular orbit might keep a satellite at a consistent distance from the Earth, but without the specific altitude and velocity ratio required, the satellite will move relative to the Earth's surface. An elliptical orbit varies in distance from the Earth and won’t maintain a fixed position over a point on the ground. A low Earth orbit covers altitudes significantly lower than geostationary, resulting in rapid movement past a point on the Earth's surface, making it unsuitable for stationary observations.